Insects Induced Mango Fruit Rot: Unraveling the Culprits
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25077/aijent.2.1.48-59.2024Keywords:
Fruit rot, insects, mango, plant disease, pestAbstract
Plant diseases and pests are important factors determining plant yield production, including mango. Mango is an economically important fruit crop in tropical and subtropical areas. Mango fruit rot caused by insects and microbes has become a significant threat to mango production in Southeast Asia and worldwide. Insect plant pathogens affect crop yields' profitability, quality, and quantity. Some infections could occur before harvest and remain dormant until the favourable condition is achieved, and the disease will break out after harvest, reducing mango production. They act as a threat to the crops through various mechanisms of pathogenesis that compromise the immune system of the plants, such as developing any ways to attack the plants, seeking entry via open pores or exposed surface or wound, and sourcing nutrients forcefully for their growth and development. Depending on the environmental factors, the insect contracts the host through primary or secondary infection. This paper summarizes mango fruit rot disease caused by insects groups such as fruit borers (Autocharis albizonalis and Citripestis eutraphera), fruit flies (Bactrocera dorsalis), and mango seed weevils (Sternochetus mangiferae). This review will provide information about fruit rot diseases on mangoes caused by insects, the mechanism of infection, the interaction between insect damage and fungal infections, effective control methods, and related integrated pest management approaches.
Downloads
References
Abbas, H., Abbas, Q., Saeed, S., Iqbal, M., Hussain, M., Hasnain, M., Shahid, M., Raza, A., & Husnain, H. (2018). Farmer perception about the damage caused by fruit borer on mango. A case study of District Multan, Punjab, Pakistan. International Journal of Biosciences, 13, 158–166.
Abdulla, N. R., Rwegasira, G. M., Jensen, K. M. V., Mwatawala, M. W., & Offenberg, J. (2016). Control of mango seed weevils (Sternochetus mangiferae) using the African Weaver Ant (Oecophylla longinoda Latreille) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 140, 500–506.
Abo-Hamed, S., Collin, H. A., & Hardwick, K. (1984). Biochemical and physiological aspects of leaf development in cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.). New Phytologist, 97, 219–225.
Agbo, B. E., Nta, A. I., & Ajaba, M. O. (2019). Bio-pesticidal properties of neem (Azadirachta indica). Advances and Trends in Agricultural Sciences, 1, 17–25.
Agrios, G. N. (2005). Plant Pathology. Fifth Edition, Elsevier Academic Press, London, UK
Ahemad, M., & Khan, M. S. (2011). Effects of insecticides on plant-growth-promoting activities of phosphate solubilizing rhizobacterium Klebsiella sp. strain PS19. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 100, 51–56.
Ajila, C. M., Aalami, M., Leevathi, K., & Rao, U. J. S. P. (2010). Mango peel powder: A potential source of antioxidant and dietary fiber in macaroni preparations. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 11(1), 219-224
Ballo, S., Demissie, G., Tefera, T., Mohamed, S. A., Khamis, F., M., Niassy, S., & Ekesi, S. (2020). Use of Para-pheromone Methyl Eugenol for Suppression of the Mango Fruit Fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Southern Ethiopia, “in: Niassy, S., Ekesi, S., Migiro, L., Otieno, W. (eds) Sustainable Management of Invasive Pests in Africa. Sustainability in Plant and Crop Protection, vol 14. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41083-4_16.
Bhattacharyya, B., Pujari, D., & DAS, M. (2016). Mango weevils: identification, biology and integrated management, “in: Pandeya, A., K., & Mall, P. (Eds). Insect Pests Management in Fruit Crops. Biotech Books, pp. 35-49.
Bhattacharyya, M. (2014). A review on the biology and symptoms of attack of mango red banded catterpillar (Autocharis albizonalis Hampson). IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 7, 1–5.
Binder, B. M., & Patterson, S. E. (2009). Ethylene-dependent and -independent regulation of abscission. Stewart Postharvest Review, 5(1), https://doi.org/10.2212/spr.2009.1.1
Bragard, C., Dehnen-Schmutz, K., di Serio, F., Gonthier, P., Jacques, M.-A., Miret, J. A. J., Justesen, A. F., et al., (2018). Pest categorisation of Sternochetus mangiferae. EFSA Journal, 16(10), 5439. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5439.
Braimah, H., & Emden, H. F. v. (2010). Prospects and challenges for sustainable management of the mango stone weevil, Sternochetus mangiferae (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in West Africa: A review. International Journal of Pest Management, 56, 91–101.
Chikez, H., Maier, D., & Sonka, S. (2021). Mango postharvest technologies: An observational study of the yieldwise initiative in Kenya. Agriculture (Switzerland), 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11070623
Chin, D., Brown, H., Condé, B., Neal, M., Hamilton, D., Hoult, M., Moore, C., et al. (2010). Field guide to pests, beneficials, diseases and disorders of mangoes (Vol. 2). Northern Territory Government, Dept. of Resources. Australia.
Choudhary, J. S., Mali, S. S., Fand, B. B., & Das, B. (2019). Predicting the invasion potential of indigenous restricted mango fruit borer, Citripestis eutraphera (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in India based on MaxEnt modelling. Current Science, 116, 636–642.
Clarke, A. R., Leach, P., & Measham, P. F. (2022). The fallacy of year-round breeding in polyphagous tropical fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae): Evidence for a seasonal reproductive arrestment in Bactrocera Species, “in Insects. MDPI, 13(10), 88. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13100882.
Dukas, R. (2020). Natural history of social and sexual behavior in fruit flies. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 21932. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79075-7
Food and Agricultural Organization of United Nations. (2022). N.d. Retrieved 13 August 2023 from https://www.fao.org/3/cc3939en/cc3939en.pdf
Ganie, S. A., Rehman, S. A., Nisar, T., Paray, M. A., Bano, P., & Khurshid, R. (2022). Fruit Fly Management and Control Strategies: A Review. Biopesticides International, 18(2), 89–100.
Gnanesh, B. N., Arunakumar, G. S., Tejaswi, A., Supriya, M., Manojkumar, H. B., & Devi, S. S. (2022). Characterization and pathogenicity of Lasiodiplodia theobromae causing black root rot and identification of novel sources of resistance in mulberry collections. Plant Pathology Journal, 38, 272–286.
Grechi, I., Preterre, A. L., Caillat, A., Chiroleu, F., & Ratnadass, A. (2021). Linking mango infestation by fruit flies to fruit maturity and fly pressure: A prerequisite to improve fruit fly damage management via harvest timing optimization. Crop Protection, 146, 105663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2021.105663
Handaru, O. D., Witjaksono, W., & Martono, E. (2019). Study on the attractiveness of fruit flies Bactrocera spp. to mango fruit’s extract. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia, 23, 228–233.
Hanh, T. T. M., & Hang, N. T. N. (2023). Determination of species composition and effectiveness of plant extracts to prevent the eggs-lay of fruit flies, Bactrocera spp. infesting jackfruit. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 11, 24–28.
Hiremath, S. R., Kumari, S. A., & Prathapan, K. D. (2017). First report of the mango fruit borer, Citripestis eutraphera (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) as a seedling borer of cashew, Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae). Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society, 71, 115–116.
Hussen, A. (2021). Impact of temperature and relative humidity in quality and shelf life of mango fruit. International Journal of Horticulture and Food Science, 3, 46–50.
Jaleel, W., Saeed, R., Shabbir, M. Z., Azad, R., Ali, S., Sial, M. U., Aljedani, D. M., et al. (2021). Olfactory response of two different Bactrocera fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) on banana, guava, and mango fruits. Journal of King Saud University - Science, 33 (5), 101455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2021.101455
Jahurul, M. H., Zaidul, A., Ghafoor, I. S. M., Al-Juhaimi, K., Nyam, F. Y., Norulaini, N. A. N., & Mohd Omar, A. K. (2015). Mango (Mangifera indica L.) by-products and their valuable components: A review. Food Chemistry, 183, 173-180.
Jaszczak-Wilke, E., Polkowska, Z., Koprowski, M., Owsianik, K., Mitchell, A. E., & Bałczewski, P. (2021). Amygdalin: toxicity, anticancer activity and analytical procedures for its determination in plant seeds. Molecules, 26(8), 2253 https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082253
Johnson, G. I., Mead, A. J., Cooke, A. W., & Dean, J. R. (1992). Mango stem end rot pathogens: fruit infection by endophytic colonization of the inflorescence and pedicle. Annals of Applied Biology, 120, 225-234.
Karunanayake, K. O. L. C., Sinniah, G. D., Adikaram, N. K. B. & Abayasekara, C. L. (2014). Cultivar differences in antifungal activity and the resistance to postharvest anthracnose and stem-end rot in mango (Mangifera indica L.). Australasian Plant Pathology, 43(2), 151-159.
Kempraj, V., Park, S. J., Cameron, D. N. S., & Taylor, P. W. (2022). 1-Octanol emitted by Oecophylla smaragdina weaver ants repels and deters oviposition in Queensland fruit fly. Scientific Reports, 12, 15768. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-20102-0
Khanzada, M. A., Lodhi, A. M., & Shahzad, S. (2004a). Mango dieback and gummosis in Sindh, Pakistan caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Plant Health Progress, 5 (1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1094/php-2004-0302-01-dg
Khanzada, M. A., Mubeen, A., & Shahzad, S. (2004b). Pathogenicity of Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Fusarium solani on mango. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 36, 181–189.
Kroschel, J., Mujica, N., Okonya, J., & Alyokhin, A. (2020). Insect Pests Affecting Potatoes in Tropical, Subtropical, and Temperate Regions, “in: Campos, H., Ortiz, O. (eds) The Potato Crop. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28683-5_8
Kryukov, V. Y., Rotskaya, U., Yaroslavtseva, O., Polenogova, O., Kryukova, N., Akhanaev, Y., Krivopalov, A., et al. (2021). Fungus Metarhizium robertsii and neurotoxic insecticide affect gut immunity and microbiota in Colorado potato beetles. Scientific Reports, 11, 1299. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80565-x
Kumar, C. M. S., Jacob, T. K., Devasahayam, S., Geethu, C., & Hariharan, V. (2021). Characterization and biocontrol potential of a naturally occurring isolate of Metarhizium pingshaense infecting Conogethes punctiferalis. Microbiological Research, 243 (2021),126645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2020.126645
Kusuma, D. K. & Basavaraja, H. (2014) Stability analysis of mango export markets of India: Markov Chain approach. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Science, 27(1), 36-39.
Lee, S. H., Oh, A., Shin, S. H., Kim, H. N., Kang, W. W., & Chung, S. K. (2017). Amygdalin contents in peaches at different fruit development stages. Preventive Nutrition and Food Science, 22, 237–240.
Liu, H., An, K., Su, S., Yu, Y., Wu, J., Xiao, G., & Xu, Y. (2020). Aromatic characterization of mangoes (Mangifera indica L.) Using solid phase extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and olfactometry and sensory analyses. Foods, 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9010075
Mutamiswa, R., Nyamukondiwa, C., Chikowore, G., & Chidawanyika, F. (2021). Overview of oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Africa: From invasion, bio-ecology to sustainable management, “in Crop Protection. Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2020.105492
Nasir, M., Mughal, S. M., Mukhtar, T., & Awan, M. Z. (2014). Powdery mildew of mango: A review of ecology, biology, epidemiology and management. Crop Protection, 64, 19-26.
Nouri, F. G., Chen, Z., & Maqbool, M. (2018). Monitoring mango fruit ripening after harvest using electronic nose (zNose) technique. 5th International Conference on Food Engineering and Biotechnology, 65, 36–40.
Nur Afiqah, A. N., Nulit, R., Hawa, Z. E. J., & Kusnan, M. (2014). Improving the yield of “Chok Anan” (MA 224) mango with potassium nitrate foliar sprays. International Journal of Fruit Science, 14(4), 416–423.
Obra, G. B., Resilva, S. S., Rowena, L., & Lorenzana, J. (2013). Irradiation as a potential phytosanitary treatment for the mango pulp weevil Sternochetus frigidus (Fabr.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Philippine Super Mango. The Philippine Agricultural Scientist, 96, 172–178.
Pisa, L. W., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L. P., Bonmatin, J. M., Downs, C. A., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D. P., et al. (2014). Effects of neonicotinoids and fipronil on non-target invertebrates. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22, 68–102.
Rao, G. K., Sujatha, A., Suneetha, P., & Jayanthi, P. D. K. (2020). Behavioural insights of red banded mango caterpillar Deanolis sublimbalis snellen. Indian Journal of Entomology, 82, 756–765.
Rattanapun, W., Amornsak, W., & Clarke, A. R. (2009). Bactrocera dorsalis preference for and performance on two mango varieties at three stages of ripeness. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 131, 243–253.
Rami Reddy, P. V., Gundappa, B., & Chakravarthy, A. K. (2018). Pests of Mango, “in: Pests and Their Management, Springer, Singapore, pp. 415–440. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8687-8_12
Reddy, P. V. R., Mani, M., & Rashmi, M. A. (2022). Pests and Their Management in Mango. “in: Trends in Horticultural Entomology, Mani, M., Ed. Springer, Singapore, pp. 519–550. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0343-4_16
Roge, G. N. (2021). White mango scale: A threat to mango production in Ethiopia. American Journal of Entomology, 5, 47–50.
Royer, J. (2009). Spread of red-banded mango caterpillar, Deanolis sublimbalis snellen (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), in Cape York Peninsula, Australia. Australian Entomologist, 36, 119–130.
Rull, J., Lasa, R., Guillén, L., & Aluja, M. (2019). The effect of winter length on duration of dormancy and survival of Rhagoletis completa (Diptera: Tephritidae) and associated parasitoids from Northeastern Mexico. Journal of Insect Science, 19, 1–7.
Saha, A., Mandal, P., Dasgupta, S., & Saha, D. (2008). Influence of culture media and environmental factors on mycelial growth and sporulation of Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon and Maubl. Journal of Environmental Biology, 29, 407–410.
Sahoo, S. K., Nayak, U. S., & Maji, A. (2023). Pests of Mango Ecosystem and Their Integrated Management, "in Pests of Fruit Crops: Bionomics and Management, pp. 1–38. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/365120101
Salmah, M., Adam, N. A., Muhamad, R., Lau, W. H., & Ahmad, H. (2017). Infestation of fruit fly, Bactrocera (Diptera: Tephritidae) on mango (Mangifera indica L.) in Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 9, 799–812.
Sarkar, A., & Chakraborty, K. (2020). Mango red banded caterpillar, Autocharis albizonalis Hampson, a destructive insect pest of mango orchards at upper gangetic plains of west Bengal: A comprehensive analysis. International Journal of Current Advanced Research, 9(4), 21868–21872. http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijcar.2020.21872.4305.
Shaurub, E. S. H. (2023). Review of entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes as biological control agents of tephritid fruit flies: current status and a future vision. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 171(1), 17–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.13244
Shelly, T. E., Edu, J., & McInnis, D. (2010). Pre-Release consumption of methyl eugenol increases the mating competitiveness of sterile males of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, in large field enclosures. Journal of Insect Science, 10(8), 1536–2442. www.insectscience.org
Shu, B., Yu, H., Li, Y., Zhong, H., Li, X., Cao, L., & Lin, J. (2021). Identification of azadirachtin responsive genes in Spodoptera frugiperda larvae based on RNA-seq. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 172, 104745. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104745.
Singh, Z., Singh, R. K., Sane, V. A., & Nath, P. (2013). Mango - Postharvest biology and biotechnology. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 32, 217-236.
Singh, S., Shashank, P. R., Singh, V., & Kaur, R. (2021). Occurrence of indigenously restricted fruit borer, Citripestis eutraphera on mango in Punjab, and its damage potential. Indian Journal of Plant Protection, 49, 9-31.
Soumya, B., Verghese, A., & Kamala Jayanthi, P. (2017). Diversity and economic status of Lepidopteran insect-pest on two major varieties of mango. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 5, 838–843.
Steck, G. J. (2008). Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), “in: Encyclopedia of Entomology, Capinera, J. L., Ed. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_3902
Susanto, A., Faradilla, M. G., Sumekar, Y., Yudistira, D. H., Murdita, W., Permana, A. D., et al. (2022). Effect of various depths of pupation on adult emergence of interspecific hybrid of Bactrocera carambolae and Bactrocera dorsalis. Scientific Reports, 12, 4235.
Tirthankar, D., & Kumar, S. S. (2021). Efficacy of some commercially available insecticides against mango fruit borer, Autocharis (= Noorda) albizonalis (Hampson, 1903) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Journal of Entomological Research, 45, 720–723.
Vayssières, J. F., Cayol, J. P., Perrier, X., & Midgarden, D. (2007). Impact of methyl eugenol and malathion bait stations on non-target insect populations in French Guiana during an eradication program for Bactrocera carambolae. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 125, 55–62.
Verghese, A., Soumya, C. B., Shivashankar, S., Manivannan, S., & Krishnamurthy, S. V. (2012). Phenolic as chemical barriers to female fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) in mango. Current Science, 103, 563–566.
Vivekananthan, R., Ravi, M., Saravanakumar, D., Kumar, N., Prakasam, V., & Samiyappan, R. (2004). Microbial induced defense-related proteins against postharvest anthracnose infection in mango. Crop Protection, 23(11), 1061–1067.
Wang, J., Song, L., Gong, X., Xu, J., & Li, M. (2020). Functions of jasmonic acid in plant regulation and response to abiotic stress. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(4), 1446. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041446
Woodruff, R. E., & Fasulo, T. R. (2006). Mango Seed Weevil, Sternochetus mangiferae (Fabricius) (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae). University of Florida, 2006. https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-in666-2006
Zhang, J. (2014). Lasiodiplodia theobromae in citrus fruit (Diplodia Stem-End Rot), “in Postharvest Decay: Control Strategies, Elsevier Inc, pp. 309–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-411552-1.00010-7
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Sivagami Subramaniam, Noor Aisyah Md Noordin, Noor Azrizal-Wahid, Nur Ain Izzati Mohd Zainudin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
